So who makes the Pokeballs in other regions?

Devon Corp in Hoenn

Im pretty sure it does since i think Gym Leaders were noted to be public workers with (shit) pay dependent on performance in some Novels,nhence why so many have secondary jobs.

Also, Pokéballs are not TOO hard to handcraft going by PLA.

STAY MAD YOULL NEVER BE A WOMAN

Gym Leaders having secondary jobs only really started in Gen 4, IIRC. In Kanto, Johto, and Hoenn, Gym Leaders were just Gym Leaders, but in Sinnoh you started getting a few who had side jobs (Roark the Miner, Crasher Wake the Wrestler) and by Unova all Gym Leaders now have jobs.

It already started in Gen 1. Misty and her sisters running shows in the aquarium. Lt. Surge being a soldier. Erika running a greenhouse and perfume shop. Sabrina performing sissy hypno for findom. Koga running a ninja academy. Blaine running a hotel. Giovanni running the mafia.

gyms are treated as a huge sport in galar so I assume they receive decent pay there
also only four people actually made it to the semifinals so they're not complete jobbers

I was thinking exclusively of the games, my mistake - but even then, you're right about Giovanni. I'm not counting Surge because he's an ex-Soldier and devoted to the gym full-time, rather than being an active-duty soldier as well as a gym leader.

Local child labor

I just take that as Gym Leaders getting smarter about it, as in rather then try living on the pay they use the "Fame" from being a Top trainer of the region to effectively advertise their Day Job which then gets them more costumers, meanwhile Kanto/Johto/Hoenn are more oldfashioned, or alternatively have better win rates to have a easier time with it. If i remember the Ashnime right Brock was pretty poor (Arguably due his siblings), Cerulean basically just became a Swimshow Theater since they just kept losing and the basically just gave away Badges due being demoralized, Surge filtered the other Kanto Starters IIRC (other then Gary) so we can assume he has a good win ratio, and with Vermillion being the port of Kanto a steady supply of challengers, Erika had the whole Perfume side piece, Sabrina we know was stomping everyone due being OP.

So that leaves basically Koga and Blake, since we know that in the games Giovanni basically flat out abandoned his Gym in favour of making money illegally until Team Rocket basically gets their ass kicked so hard he has to come crawling back and in the Ashnime it always seems like his sidepiece.

True, but Galar does have a pretty different structure and the whole situation with Rose being the Chairman of the League and the CEO of his own company that basically owned the Region is another factor, we know he did not have enough power to dodge the arrest for his Darkest Day shenanigans at least, even if he was resigned to that result.

Trial Captains from Alola are also probably Pro-Bono IIRC since you can only be one until you are like 20 or something, the Kahunas basically are the Government by divine decree (Regardless of if they like it or not), they are just nice about it, and the League is so recent, but we know Kukui was the primary mover of it being created, but with two Kahunas as E4 members it probably had official backing financially, especially considering the scale of the project.

What, Silph doesn’t distribute worlwide? You’d think poke/great/ultra would be the Silph brand trademark, and maybe other companies produce some of the more specialized balls

Will we ever be able to discuss lore in this fanbase?

Its entirely possible they're made by other companies with permission from silph.
Aether can make their own kind so its clearly not a trade secret that silph bothers to protect, aside from the MB.

Considering PLA im pretty sure the current "Lore" is that "Silph.Co" (Or more likely a family that would start "Silph.Co" as a Ball Making family business they then pass down) created PokéBalls in Kanto, Kantonians then spread over the world via emigrants like Galaxy Team who had the knowledge of how to craft them, but due the size (and Danger, remember this is very much in the "Pokémons are Terrifying Creatures" era, where a person was likely to cower at the sight of even a shitmon) any patents would be unenforceable until the world settled down (and regions would likely already established their own Companies and Ball Crafiting guilds and what not) and it would just be too disruptive for everyone to shake things up.

It is a lot of theory in that idea though.

Presumably the design for PokeBalls doesn't have particularly strong copyright laws around it, given a person like Kurt can still make and sell PokeBalls completely on his own. I'd figure that each of the PokeMart businesses across the regions have their own suppliers and as long as the suppliers can meet the design specifications for certain PokeBall types then the Marts probably don't care who they're trading with.

Maybe the distribution and availability of certain PokeBalls is indicative of specialists in that particular region where in other regions those PokeBalls may be rarer or outright unavailable. Also for something like the Safari Ball I'd presume the same thing but just with the the Safari Zone operators instead of the PokeMart businesses.