>"Within the Iberian Peninsula, the admixture proportion of North African ancestry in southern Portugal samples was 11.17 ± 1.87%, similar to the values observed in Galicia (10.30 ± 1.64%) and western Andalusia (present study, 9.28 ± 1.79%).[/B] The Canary Islands (not selected here) exhibit extreme values of the inferred Maghrebi cluster (26%) (Guillen-Guio et al. 2018). Asni Berbers carry the highest proportion of the native Maghrebi ancestral cluster (82.74 ± 8.36%) with respect to the other Moroccan samples."
[OFFICIAL THREAD] Spain and its African Roots
Kevin Walker
Jonathan Taylor
>"Indeed, the highest mainland proportions of North African ancestry (>20%) are found in Galicia and Northwest Castile, with much lower proportions in Andalusia. The most striking division in North African ancestry proportions is between the western half of the peninsula, where the proportion is relatively high, to the eastern half, where it is relatively low (Figure 4).
Elijah Morris
don't care lol
Julian Robinson
>"We also detect a genetic footprint of the Muslim conquest, and subsequent centuries of Muslim rule. Following the arrival of an estimated 30,000 combatants33, a civilian migration of unknown numbers of people occurred, thought to be mainly Berbers from north Morocco and settling in many parts of the peninsula33. Our analysis confirms and refines previous findings11,20,26 of a substantial and regionally varying genetic impact, narrowing to a period spanning
Jonathan Thomas
>"Our GLOBETROTTER results suggest that amongst the six potential African populations in our study, the best match to the predominant group involved in the actual admixture event is north-west African. Moreover, admixture mainly, and perhaps almost exclusively, occurred within the earlier half of the period of Muslim rule (Fig. 5b). Within Spain, north African ancestry occurs in all groups, although levels are low in the Basque region and in a region corresponding closely to the 14th-century Crown of Aragon (compare Figs 1c, 5c). Therefore, although genetically distinct22,23, north African-like ancestry in the Basque region could be explained through genetic interactions between the Basque groups and other parts of Spain within the past 1300 years."
Jordan Harris
>"Moreover, the scheme of a simple linear diffusion must also be nuanced with regard to other works on the southern Iberian Peninsula (Portugal, Andalusia) where certain material and technical features of the ceramics ("bag forms", conical bottoms, certain printed decorations, the thermal treatment of flint and the abundance of lithic armatures in segments) go in the direction of an African influence (Manen et al. 2007, Carvalho 2010). It is probably also such reciprocal influences that allow the later identification of sufficiently strong affinities between the Moroccan and Portuguese Atlantic facades to postulate the existence of a LusitanoMoroccan Cardial distinct from an Alboran facies (Daugas et al. 2008).
Blake Morales
Dios mio. Negrtugal
African queens
Grayson Bailey
>"Outside of Africa, E-M81 is almost absent in the Middle East and in Europe
(with the exception of Iberia and Sicily). The presence of E-M81 in the Iberian Peninsula (12 % in southern Portugal) (Cruciani et al., 2004) has been attributed to trans-Mediterranean contacts linked to the Islamic influence, since it is typically Berber (Bosch et al., 2001; Semino et al., 2004; Beleza et al., 2006; Alvarez et al., 2009; Cruciani et al., 2007; Trombetta et al., 2011)."
Aaron Foster
>"Taken together, Pasiegos and pooled Cantabrians stand out due to a high presence of North African lineages (E-M81 Y-haplotype and, to a lesser degree, U6, M1 and L2 mtDNA lineages). Compared to other North European populations they also share high frequencies of R-SRY10831b Y-chromosome lineage and of mtDNA lineages V and I. For the African input, it is tempting to propose an asymmetric sexual contribution in which males predominate. "
Easton Jenkins
Spain is white
Anthony Cooper
>In his book, Ripley also proposed the idea that “Africa begins beyond the Pyrenees”, as he wrote in page 272 :
” Beyond the Pyrenees begins Africa. Once that natural barrier is crossed, the Mediterranean racial type in all its purity confronts us. The human phenomena is entirely parallel with the sudden transition to the flora and fauna of the south. The Iberian population thus isolated from the rest of Europe, are allied in all important anthropological respects with the peoples inhabiting Africa north of the Sahara, from the Red Sea to the Atlantic.”
Owen Jones
>"With the appropriate choice of sample sets, multiple independent analytic approaches converged on the conclusion that a relatively recent North African–specific, rather than Sub-Saharan, admixture has made a significant contribution to the population genomic structure of Europe, with a striking clinal pattern from prominence of such admixture in southwest Europe to vanishing in north and east Europe. With the reassuring exception of the Basque population isolate, the Iberian Peninsula showed the greatest imprint. Specifically, southwestern European populations averaged between 4% and 20% of their genomes assigned to a North African ancestral cluster, whereas this value did not exceed 2% in southeastern European populations."
Blake Reyes
>"the A2-B49-DRB1*0406- DQA1*03-DQB1*0402 haplotype is only found in Spaniards (A2- B49-DR4) and Algerians as DRB1*0406-DQA1*03-DQB1*0402. Furthermore, Moroccans show in low frequency the A26-B38-DR13 haplotype that is present in Portuguese (high frequency) and Spaniards (low frequency). These haplotype data together with those of HLA-DRB1-DQB1 genetic distance analyses (Figs. 2 and 3) (Table 3) support the ancient Berber (Moroccan, Algerians) relatedness with Iberians (Spaniards, Portuguese and Basques) (5, 6, 15, 23, 25, 26). Some of the haplotypes are present in low frequency and more data are necessary to confirm their existence at the calculated frequency. Correspondence analysis of class II DRB1 high-resolution (Fig. 4) shows that Moroccans are close to Berbers and Western Mediterraneans (both African and European). This effect is also evident in the correspondence analysis of pooled HLA class I and class II (data not shown). " HLA genes in Arabic-speaking Moroccans: close relatedness to Berbers and Iberians
Xavier Reyes
>" It is specifically highlighted that the African influence on the Iberian Peninsula is, by far, more intense than in other European surrounding territories and populations."
Samuel Cruz
>"Our admixture approach has identified high mean levels of North African and Sephardic Jewish patrilineal ancestry in modern populations of the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. We find a mean of 10.6% North African ancestry, somewhat higher than previous ad hoc estimates,38 and a mean of 19.8% Sephardic Jewish ancestry, a figure that cannot be readily compared with any other study. These findings attest to a high level of religious conversion (whether voluntary or enforced) driven by historical episodes of religious intolerance, which ultimately led to the integration of descendants."
Juan Collins
>"With respect to Iberian recipients, virtually all cases in the present study included an admixture event between a major European-like source (82.3 ± 6.5% as an average) and an African source. The latter source is best represented by a North African population and not by a sub-Saharan population"
Noah Martinez
>G. CAMPS, no 6. The same scholar, during the Prehistoric Congress of France,XXe session, Provence 1974 (Actes, Paris 1976, p. 53-62), evoked maritime connections through the strait since the VIth millennium. Using other documents, J. DESANGES (no 12) observes that the connections between the south of Andalusia and the Maghreb are more often made with the Libyan than with the Punic, and that some of these toponyms could be very old.
Zachary Robinson
>"With the appropriate choice of sample sets, multiple independent analytic approaches converged on the conclusion that a relatively recent North African– specific, rather than Sub-Saharan, admixture has made a significant contribution to the population genomic structure of Europe, with a striking clinal pattern from prominence of such admixture in southwest Europe to vanishing in north and east Europe. With the reassuring exception of the Basque population isolate, the Iberian Peninsula showed the greatest imprint."
Levi Campbell
>"We grouped the individuals under three population names:SE_Iberia_c.3-4CE, SE_Iberia_c.5-8CE and SE_Iberia_c.10-16CE. All the individuals that we analyzed are clearly shifted towards present-day and ancient North Africans in PCA (Fig. S3-4), which suggests that North African genetic input was already present in this region several centuries before the Islamic conquest of the Iberian Peninsula beginning in the 8th century CE. Two individuals from SE_Iberia_c.10-16CE plot on a very different position (Fig. S3-4) and thus were not included in the three groups."
Ian Garcia
>"In the light of the data obtained from the macroscopic study of the human remains, we propose on the one hand the African origin of at least part of the individuals exhumed in the maqbara. For this we rely on the presence of uniparental lineages, especially of the Y-chromosome of African origin, of intentional dental manipulations, and on the first stable isotope studies mentioned above. "
Jackson White
>"Berbers, Iberians, Celtiberians, here are brother peoples and whose reciprocal action of the ones on the others is unquestionable, without even needing to call to its help the identity of physical conformation or the linguistic approaches, because they are arguments of a relative value and of which it is easy to take advantage of in various directions."